Input parameters and variables

The following parameters are not properly named and will be renamed

Old nameNew name
TimeEndtimeEnd
TimeSteptimeStep
switches.Haswitches.sideLengthOfSimulationArea
par.seedDispersalKernelShapeParamspar.seedDispersalMaxDistance
par.seedDispersalKernelLocationParamspar.seedDispersalAverageDistance

Table 7: Parameters of the simulation.

General Input Parameters of Simulation
SymbolDescriptionUnitSource Code Variable
$A_{\text{area}}$side length of simulated area$\text{m}$switches.sideLengthOfSimulationArea
$A_{\text{patch}}$patch area$\text{m}^{2}$
$n_{\text{patches}}$number of patches per simulation area$-$
$t_{y}$length of simulation$\text{yr}$timeEnd
$Δt$time step$\text{yr}$timeStep
number of species groups (PFTs)$-$par.pftCount
Geometric Input Parameters
SymbolDescriptionUnitSource Code Variable
mathematical form of the allometric relationships$-$par.allometricRelationships
$h_{0}, h_{1}, h_{2}$coefficients of height-stem diameter relationship$-$par.heightFromDbhParams
$c_{l0}, c_{l1}, c_{l2}$coefficients of crown-length-height relationship$-$par.crownLengthFactorFromHeightParams
$c_{d0}, c_{d1}, c_{d2}, c_{d3}$coefficients of crown-diameter-stem-diameter relationship$-$par.crownDiameterFromDbhParams
$ρ$wood density$\frac{\text{t}_{\text{ODM}}}{\text{m}^3}$par.woodDensities
$σ$ratio of total aboveground biomass to stem biomass$-$par.stemBiomassFractionParams
$f$form factor$-$
$f_{0}, f_{1}, f_{2}$coefficients of form-factor-stem-diameter relationship$-$par.formFactorFromDbhParams
$b_{0}, b_{1}, b_{2}$coefficients of biomass-stem-diameter relationship$-$par.biomassFromDbhParams
$l_{0}, l_{1}$LAI-stem-diameter relationship$-$par.laiFromDbhParams
$D_{\text{max}}$maximal stem diameter$\text{m}$par.maxPlantSizes
$H_{\text{max}}$maximal height$\text{m}$par.maxPlantSizes
$B_{\text{max}}$maximal aboveground biomass$\text{t}_{\text{ODM}}$
Recruitment and Establishment Input Parameter
SymbolDescriptionUnitSource Code Variable
$N_{\text{seed}}$global in-growth rate of seeds$\frac{1}{\text{ha yr}}$par.externalSeedInfluxPerHectare
$N_{\text{init}}$initial seed number in seed pool$\frac{1}{\text{patch}}$
$D_{\text{rep}}$minimum stem diameter of a seed producing mother tree$\text{m}$par.minSeedProductionDbhs
$f_{\text{disp}}$dispersal kernel$-$par.dispersalKernelFunctions
$dist_{\text{mean}}$average dispersal distance$\text{m}$par.seedDispersalAverageDistance
$dist_{\text{max}}$maximum dispersal distance$\text{m}$par.seedDispersalMaxDistance
$σ$ratio of total aboveground biomass to stem biomass$-$
$I_{\text{seed}}$percentage of incoming radiation at floor required for germination$%$par.minEstablishmentIrradianceFraction
$M_{\text{pool}}$mortality rate of seeds in the seed pool$\frac{1}{\text{yr}}$par.seedPoolMortalityRates
$max_{\text{dens}}$maximal number of germinating seedlings$\frac{1}{\text{patch}}$par.maxSeedlingsPerPatch
$D_{\text{min}}$initial stem diameter of a germinated seedling$\text{m}$par.seedlingDbh
Mortality Input Parameters
SymbolDescriptionUnitSource Code Variable
mathematical form of death rate computationpar.mortalityFunction
$M_{B}$base / background mortality rate$\frac{1}{\text{yr}}$par.backgroundMortalityParams
$m_{d0}, m_{d1}$mortality rate dependent on stem diameter$-$par.mortalityFromDbhParams
$m_{i0}, m_{i1}, m_{i2}$mortality rate dependent on stem diameter increment$-$par.mortalityFromDbhIncrementParams
$f_{\text{fall}}$probability for a dead tree to fall$-$par.treeFallProbability
Light Climate and Photosynthesis Input Parameters and Variables
SymbolDescriptionUnitSource Code Variable
$Δh$width of layers of aboveground vertical space discretization in a patch$\text{m}$
$n_{\text{layer}}$number of layer of aboveground vertical space discretization$-$
$I_{0}$incoming irradiance on top of canopy$\frac{\mu\text{mol}_{\text{photon}}}{\text{m}^2 s}$
$k$light extinction coefficient$-$par.lightExtinctionCoefficients
$α$initial slope of light response curve$\frac{\mu\text{mol}_{\text{CO}2}}{\mu\text{mol}{\text{photon}}}$par.initialLightResponseSlope
$p_{\text{max}}$maximal leaf gross photosynthetic rate$\frac{\mu\text{mol}_{\text{CO}_2}}{\text{m}^2 \text{s}}$par.maxGrossLeafPhotosynthesisRate
$m$transmission coefficient$-$par.lightTransmissionCoefficient
$l_{\text{day}}$day length$\text{h}$par.dayLength
$φ_{\text{ODM}}$conversion factor$\frac{\text{t}{\text{ODM}}}{\mu\text{mol}{\text{CO}_2}}$
Water Module Input Parameter and Variables
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SymbolDescriptionUnitSource Code Variable
$PR$precipitation$\frac{\text{mm}}{\text{h}}$precipitation
$K_{L}$interception constant$\frac{\text{mm}}{\text{h}}$par.Water_KL
$POR$soil porosity$\frac{\text{mm}}{\text{h}}$par.Water_POR
$K_{s}$fully saturated conductivity$\frac{\text{mm}}{\text{h}}$par.Water_KS
$Θ_{\text{res}}$residual soil water content$\frac{\text{mm}}{\text{h}}$par.Water_SW_RES
$λ$pore size distribution index$-$par.Water_L
$WUE$water-use-efficiency$\frac{t_{\text{ODM}}}{\text{kg}_{\text{H}_2\text{O}}}$par.Water_WUE
$PET$potential evapotranspiration$\frac{\text{mm}}{\text{h}}$
$Θ_{soil}^{init}$initial soil water content at start of simulation$V%$par.InitSoilWaterContent
$Θ_{pwp}$permanent wilting point$V%$par.Water_PWP
$Θ_{fc}$field capacity$V%$par.Water_FC
$Θ_{msw}$minimum soil water content$V%$msw
Temperature Input Parameter and Variables
SymbolDescriptionUnitSource Code Variable
$T$air temperature$^\circ\text{C}$
$n$number of days per time step $\Delta t$$-$
$T_{\text{crit}}$critical temperature for bud-burst$^\circ\text{C}$
$k_{0}, k_{1}, k_{2}$parameter of inhibition factors$-$
$T_{\text{CO}2, l}, T{\text{CO}_2, h}$temperature limits of $\text{CO}_2$ assimilation$^\circ\text{C}$
$T_{\text{hot}}, T_{\text{cold}}$monthly mean temperature of warmest and coldest month an individual can cope with$^\circ\text{C}$par.Temperature_month_hot, par.Temperature_month_cold
$T_{\text{ref}}$reference temperature$^\circ\text{C}$par.Temperature_reference
$Q_{10}$base of Q$_{10}$ function$-$
Respiration Input Parameter and Variables
SymbolDescriptionUnitSource Code Variable
$R_{g}$growth respiration factor$-$par.growthRespirationFraction
$g(D)$maximal stem diameter increment (growth) function$-$
$a_{0}, a_{1}, a_{2}, a_{3}$coefficients of the growth function $g(D)$$-$
$x_{i}, i = 1, ..., 8$auxiliary variables$-$
$ΔD_{\text{max}}$maximal measured stem diameter increment$\frac{\text{m}}{\text{yr}}$
$D_{ΔD_{\text{max}}}$stem diameter at which maximal increment is measuredproportion of $D_{\text{max}}$
$ΔD_{D_{\text{max}}}$max. measured stem diameter increment for diameter $D_{\text{min}}$proportion of $ΔD_{\text{max}}$
$ΔD_{D_{\text{max}}}$max. measured stem diameter increment for diameter $D_{\text{max}}$proportion of $ΔD_{\text{max}}$
mean irradiance in simple climate (wet and dry)par.meanIrradiance
$\check{I}_{\text{ind}}$reference for advanced irradiance$\frac{\mu \text{mol}_{\text{photon}}}{\text{m}^2 \text{s}}$par.referenceIrradiance
$\check{\varphi}_{\text{act}}$reference vegetation period of parameterization climate$\text{d}$
$\check{\varphi}_T$reference temperature limitation factor of photosynthesis of parameterization climate$-$
Lidar Input Parameter and Variables
SymbolDescriptionUnitSource Code Variable
$P_{0,\text{Lid}, \text{V}}$surface return probability for vegetation voxels$-$par.VegetationSurfaceReturnProbability
$k_{\text{Lid}, \text{V}}$Lidar extinction coefficient for vegetation voxels$-$par.VegetationExtinctionCoef
$P_{0,\text{Lid}, \text{G}}$surface return probability for ground voxels$-$par.GroundSurfaceReturnProbability
$k_{\text{Lid}, \text{G}}$Lidar extinction coefficient for ground voxels$-$
$s_{\text{Lid}}$spacing between Lidar pulses$\text{m}$par.PulseDistance
$t_{\text{Lid}}$time interval between Lidar scans$\text{yr}$par.LidarOutputStart, par.LidarOutputStep

Table 8: Parameters that are not listed in the handbook yet and a probable clustering

NameTypeUnitDescriptionParameter File
Model Structure
ProjectNamestringproject name shown in GUIArgentina
Carbon Dynamics
par.CPool_DeadWoodfloattInitial carbon content in the deadwood carbon poolgeneralAmazonianForest_3pft
par.CPool_Soil_fastfloattInitial carbon content in the fast decomposing soil carbon poolgeneralAmazonianForest_3pft
par.CPool_Soil_slowfloattInitial carbon content in the slow decomposing soil carbon poolgeneralAmazonianForest_3pft
par.Cflux_aetfloatmmMean actual evapotranspiration (AET)Argentina
Plant Growth and Physiology
par.CrownGeometryarrayGeometrical shape of the plant crown: 1=spheroid (ellipsoid), 2=conical, 3=cylindricalgeneralAmazonianForest_3pft
par.HeightExpLambdafloatForestFactorylamdba in exponential distributionvirtual
par.HMaxfloatForestFactorymaxmimum height of treesgeneralAmazonianForest_3pft
par.HMinfloatForestFactoryminimum height of treesgeneralAmazonianForest_3pft
par.InitialGreenFractionfloatInitial fraction of green biomass on the grassland measuredGarske
par.wrongLaiCalculationEnabledintswitches for activating old LAI calculationArgentina
par.distributedTraitsarrayDesciption of which traits are distributedSpecies
par.leafLifeSpansarraydaysleaf life span (group-specific)SpeciesMono
par.lengthOfReferenceVegetationPeriodarrayFraction of the total year (365 days) which have been considered as the active vegetation period in the reference year(s)Agostinho
par.maintenanceRespirationPerBiomassFunctionintFunction of maintenance respiration calculationAgostinho
par.maintenanceRespirationPerBiomassParamsarrayMaintainance losses (maintainance respiration & organ renewal & root growth) for different grpAgostinho
par.maintenanceRespirationRatefloatperMaintenance respiration rateSpeciesMono
par.maturityAgesarrayyearsMinimum age of mother plants for producing seeds (group-specific)SpeciesMono
par.negativeGrowthEnabledintWhether trees shall shrink if the NPP is negativeHohesHolz_10Species
par.negativeNppBufferEnabledintFlag for activating a limitation factor of gross primary productivity as used in older Formind versionsAgostinho
par.nppAllocationsToPlantExudationarrayNPP allocation of a single plant to exudation (group-specific)GCEF_EM_amb_plotmean
par.nppAllocationsToPlantGrowtharrayNPP allocation of a single plant to shoot (group-specific)SpeciesMono
par.plantCohortsEnabledintswitches for activating the cohort approach (default is 1 true, 0 means every cohort is one single plant)paracouForest_controlPlots_9pft
par.treeRootBiomassFromStemBiomassFactorfloatLinear relationship of root biomass to stem biomassCore_8pft
Mortality
par.sizeDependentMortalityEnabledintFlag for activating background mortalityArgentina
par.lifespanarrayyearsplant life span (group-specific)SpeciesMono
par.treeFallEnabledintFlag for deactivating falling of dying treesArgentina
Seeds, Reproduction
par.seedDispersalKernelLocationParamsarraymMean distance of mother trees for dispersing seeds (group-specific)Core_6pft_seedtree_multiple
par.seedDispersalKernelShapeParamsarraymMaximum distance of mother trees for dispersing seeds (group-specific)Agostinho
par.seedGerminationRatesarrayperGermination rate of seeds (group-specific)SpeciesMono
par.seedGerminationTimesarraydaysTime to emergence of seeds since sowing (group-specific)SpeciesMono
par.seedInflowPredationEnabledintswitches for density-dependent seed mortalityAgostinho
par.seedMassesarraytBiomass of seed (group-specific)SpeciesMono
par.seedPoolPredationEnabledintswitches for activating the mother plant and seed density dependent seed predation mortalityAgostinho
par.seedPredationEnabledintswitches for activating the mother plant and seed density dependent seed predation mortalityAgostinho
par.seedPredatorEfficiencyarraymSeed predator attack efficiencyAgostinho
par.seedPredatorHandlingTimearraymSeed predator handling timeAgostinho
par.seedPredatorNumberarraymTotal seed predator number in the vicinity of each plantAgostinho
par.seedPulseEnabledintFlag for activating pulsed ingrowth of accumulated seedsArgentina
par.seedSurvivalProbabilitiesarrayperSurvival rate of seeds (group-specific)Agostinho
par.seedlingHeightfloatmHeight of established seedlingsSpeciesMono
par.seedlingIngrowthLimitEnabledintFlag for activating the density regulation of establishing seedlingsArgentina
par.seedlingMortalityDensityDependenceEnabledintswitches for activating density-dependent seedling mortalityCore_6pft_seedtree_multiple
par.seedsPerMotherTreearrayNumber of seeds which a mother plant is able to produce per time step (group-specific)Agostinho
par.shootRootRatioarrayParameters of shoot-root relationship (group-specific)SpeciesMono
par.dayOfSeedInfluxStartfloatStarting time of ingrowth of global seeds from outsideSpeciesMono
par.dispersalByAnimalIndicatorsarrayPFTs which have animal dispersed seeds. These do not throw seeds at the matrix (non forest area).Agostinho
par.individualSeedProductionEnabledintFlag for activating seed ingrowth by simulated mother treesArgentina
Light
par.Light_Comp_FactorfloatLight competition factor for grassmindEnabled, reduces LAI over the plantSpecies
par.lightLimitationEnabledintFlag for activating light competitionGCEFext
par.radiativeTransferModelEnabledintSwitch for Radiative transfer ModelHohesHolz_10Species
Soil and Water Processes
par.Soil_FilearrayName of soil file(s) of all patchesSpeciesMono
par.Water_KLfloatmmInterception constantAgostinho
par.Water_LfloatPore size distribution indexAgostinho
par.Water_LayerDepthfloatmConstant width of soil layersAgostinho
par.Water_MSWarraygMinimum soil water content for maximum uptake, relative to range between PWP and FC (group-specific)GCEFext
par.Water_RainfallDurationfloathoursHours of rainfall per dayAgostinho
par.Water_SDfloatmSoil depthAgostinho
par.Water_SoilLayerintNumber of different soil layersAgostinho
par.Water_WUEarraygWater-use-efficiency-coefficient (group-specific)Agostinho
Climate and Environmental Factors
par.CO2_dependency_function_simplearraypolynom(a + bx + cx2 + dx3) for co2 dependency of the photosynthesisCore_8pft
par.CO2_reference_temperaturefloatreference temperatureCore_8pft
par.Temperature_Q10floattemperatureBase of the temperature effect (Q10-function) affecting the maintenance respiration of a plantAgostinho
par.Temperature_minfloattemperatureMinimum temperature for calculating the length of the vegetation period of a plantAgostinho
par.Temperature_month_coldarraytemperatureMean temperature of the coldest month the numSpecies group is able to occur (group-specific)Agostinho
par.Temperature_month_hotarraytemperatureMean temperature of the warmest month the numSpecies group is able to occur (group-specific)Agostinho
par.Temperature_optfloattemperatureOptimal temperature for maximum gross photosynthesis of a plant (i.e. mean of the normal distribution)Agostinho
par.Temperature_sigfloattemperatureStandard deviation of the normal distribution affecting maximum gross photosynthesis of a plant when temperature deviates from its optimumAgostinho
par.climateFilePathstringFile name and relative path (to the *.exe) of daily climate data for radiance, air temperature, day-length and potential evapotranspirationAgostinho
par.climateModulesEnabledarrayFlag for activating the advanced climate (Soil water module; Temperature effects; daily changing radiance; daily changing day-length; vegetation period)Agostinho
par.climateRandomizationEnabledintgeneralAmazonianForest_3pft
par.wetSeasonLengthintdayabsolute length of wet seasonArgentina
par.referenceCo2Concentrationfloatreference CO2 concentrationCore_8pft
par.referenceEnvironmentalGppReductionarrayTree gross photosynthesis reduction due to temperature effects and soil water deficit effect of the reference year(s)Agostinho
par.referenceStomataCo2Concentrationfloatstomata CO2 concentrationCore_8pft
Reproduction and Dispersal
par.externalSeedInfluxEnabledintFlag for using global seed ingrowth from outside a hectareArgentina
par.invasionEnabledarray0Please indicate which numSpecies group is the invasive bamboo numSpecies (set to 1)Argentina_Bamboo
par.invasionTimeintyrsPlease set the point in time for invasionArgentina_Bamboo
par.randomGeneratorSeedDisabledintFlag for activating stochasticity (0: reproducible / 1: NOT reproducible)Argentina
par.reducedSeedProductionAtEdgeEnabledintFlag for activating reduced seed ingrowth by simulated mother treesArgentina
Modules
par.viewZenithAnglearraygradangle of the place of the observer in zenith directionHohesHolz_10Species
par.LargeFootprintDiameterfloatmetersDiameter (m) of large lidar footprintsgeneralAmazonianForest_3pft
par.LargeFootprintEnergySDfloatmetersStandard deviation (m) of gaussian horizontal energy distribution within large lidar footprints (recommendation 0.5 times radius)generalAmazonianForest_3pft
par.fireFrequencyfloatyearMean time between two occurring fire eventsCore_8pft
par.fireModeintChoose from different modes in which the fire module runsvirtualAmazon_3pft
par.fireModuleEnabledintFlag for activating the fire submoduleArgentina
par.fireSeverityfloatSeverity of a fire event (0.1 = low; 1.0 = strong)Core_8pft
par.fireStartYearfloatyearYear for first potential fire eventvirtualAmazon_3pft
par.fireToleranceClassarrayfireModuleEnabled tolerance = probability for death (1: no tolerance ... 4: tolerant against fire) (group-specific)Core_8pft
par.relativeFireSizefloatpercentMean fire size (as relative area of total simulation area)Core_8pft
par.lianaIndicatorsarraylianaModuleEnabled (group-specific) (0: is plant; 1: is liana)paracouForest_controlPlots_9pft
par.lianaModuleEnabledintswitches for activating the liana submoduleparacouForest_controlPlots_9pft
Misc
par.preInitializationEnabledintFlag for activating pre-initialization of light climate and space conditionsArgentina
par.individualSpeciesIdEnabledintFlag for activating numSpecies number for each plantCore_8pft
par.treeListOutputStartTimefloatyearsTime for first generation of plant list output (res-file containing each plant with position and cohort-file containing each cohort)fertile_soil_8pft
par.treeListOutputTimeStepfloatyearsTime interval between generation of plant list outputs (res-file containing each plant with position and cohort-file containing each cohort)fertile_soil_8pft
par.regenerationOnlyInForestEnabledintSwitch to allow regeneration only inside the forest when starting with inv file.HohesHolz_10Species
par.relAzimuthAnglearraygradthe absolute difference between the azimuth angles of the observer and the sun: abs(SunAzimuth-SensorAzimuth-180)HohesHolz_10Species
par.rhizobiaExchangeRateCToNfloatexchange rate of C amounts to rhizobia to get N amountsGCEF_EM_amb_plotmean
par.rootDepthParamsarrayParameters of shoot biomass - rooting depth relationship (group-specific)SpeciesMono
par.rootLifeSpansarraydaysroot life span (group-specific)SpeciesMono
par.rtmLeafParametersarray1Leaf parameters of the radiative transfer model group-specific 1: Cab Chlorophyll a+b content,HohesHolz_10Species
par.rtmSoilWetnessfloatdegreeUse reflection Profile for: 0 drySoil - 1 wetSoilHohesHolz_10Species
par.smallTreeDbhIncrementAsFractionOfMaxarrayRealized increment of stem diameter for smallest plant relative to the maximum increment (group-specific)Core_8pft
par.smallTreeDbhThresholdForDbhIncrementarraymStem diameter at which yearly increment of stem diameter (group-specific) is calculated by defined function (Growth_Function_Switch)paracouForest_controlPlots_9pft_DBH1cm
par.smallTreeSpaceUsageCapacityfloatReduces stem number when plant crown area > SpaceLimitation_Factor (Standard: 1 = 100%) for all trees with DBH <= alteredSpaceLimitationDbhThresholdparacouForest_controlPlots_9pft_DBH1cm
par.specificRootLengtharraySpecific root length (group-specific)SpeciesMono
par.splineApproximationStepfloatmMinimal possible diameter increment step of trees (only required for lookup approach for asymptotic diameter-height curve)gifu
par.sunZenithAnglearraygradangle of the place of the sun in zenith directionHohesHolz_10Species
par.symbioticNitrogenFixationFractionarrayfraction of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (group-specific)GCEF_EM_amb_plotmean
par.temperatureReductionFunctionstringType of temperature effect used for reducing gross photosynthesis of a plantAgostinho
par.traitDistributionEnabledintFlag for activating trait distributionsSpecies
par.traitDistributionParsarrayMean [0] and sd [1] min [2] and max [3]of the traits adressed in distributedTraitsSpecies