Input parameters and variables
The following parameters are not properly named and will be renamed
Old name | New name |
---|---|
TimeEnd | timeEnd |
TimeStep | timeStep |
switches.Ha | switches.sideLengthOfSimulationArea |
par.seedDispersalKernelShapeParams | par.seedDispersalMaxDistance |
par.seedDispersalKernelLocationParams | par.seedDispersalAverageDistance |
Table 7: Parameters of the simulation.
General Input Parameters of Simulation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Symbol | Description | Unit | Source Code Variable |
$A_{\text{area}}$ | side length of simulated area | $\text{m}$ | switches.sideLengthOfSimulationArea |
$A_{\text{patch}}$ | patch area | $\text{m}^{2}$ | |
$n_{\text{patches}}$ | number of patches per simulation area | $-$ | |
$t_{y}$ | length of simulation | $\text{yr}$ | timeEnd |
$Δt$ | time step | $\text{yr}$ | timeStep |
number of species groups (PFTs) | $-$ | par.pftCount | |
Geometric Input Parameters | |||
Symbol | Description | Unit | Source Code Variable |
mathematical form of the allometric relationships | $-$ | par.allometricRelationships | |
$h_{0}, h_{1}, h_{2}$ | coefficients of height-stem diameter relationship | $-$ | par.heightFromDbhParams |
$c_{l0}, c_{l1}, c_{l2}$ | coefficients of crown-length-height relationship | $-$ | par.crownLengthFactorFromHeightParams |
$c_{d0}, c_{d1}, c_{d2}, c_{d3}$ | coefficients of crown-diameter-stem-diameter relationship | $-$ | par.crownDiameterFromDbhParams |
$ρ$ | wood density | $\frac{\text{t}_{\text{ODM}}}{\text{m}^3}$ | par.woodDensities |
$σ$ | ratio of total aboveground biomass to stem biomass | $-$ | par.stemBiomassFractionParams |
$f$ | form factor | $-$ | |
$f_{0}, f_{1}, f_{2}$ | coefficients of form-factor-stem-diameter relationship | $-$ | par.formFactorFromDbhParams |
$b_{0}, b_{1}, b_{2}$ | coefficients of biomass-stem-diameter relationship | $-$ | par.biomassFromDbhParams |
$l_{0}, l_{1}$ | LAI-stem-diameter relationship | $-$ | par.laiFromDbhParams |
$D_{\text{max}}$ | maximal stem diameter | $\text{m}$ | par.maxPlantSizes |
$H_{\text{max}}$ | maximal height | $\text{m}$ | par.maxPlantSizes |
$B_{\text{max}}$ | maximal aboveground biomass | $\text{t}_{\text{ODM}}$ | |
Recruitment and Establishment Input Parameter | |||
Symbol | Description | Unit | Source Code Variable |
$N_{\text{seed}}$ | global in-growth rate of seeds | $\frac{1}{\text{ha yr}}$ | par.externalSeedInfluxPerHectare |
$N_{\text{init}}$ | initial seed number in seed pool | $\frac{1}{\text{patch}}$ | |
$D_{\text{rep}}$ | minimum stem diameter of a seed producing mother tree | $\text{m}$ | par.minSeedProductionDbhs |
$f_{\text{disp}}$ | dispersal kernel | $-$ | par.dispersalKernelFunctions |
$dist_{\text{mean}}$ | average dispersal distance | $\text{m}$ | par.seedDispersalAverageDistance |
$dist_{\text{max}}$ | maximum dispersal distance | $\text{m}$ | par.seedDispersalMaxDistance |
$σ$ | ratio of total aboveground biomass to stem biomass | $-$ | |
$I_{\text{seed}}$ | percentage of incoming radiation at floor required for germination | $%$ | par.minEstablishmentIrradianceFraction |
$M_{\text{pool}}$ | mortality rate of seeds in the seed pool | $\frac{1}{\text{yr}}$ | par.seedPoolMortalityRates |
$max_{\text{dens}}$ | maximal number of germinating seedlings | $\frac{1}{\text{patch}}$ | par.maxSeedlingsPerPatch |
$D_{\text{min}}$ | initial stem diameter of a germinated seedling | $\text{m}$ | par.seedlingDbh |
Mortality Input Parameters | |||
Symbol | Description | Unit | Source Code Variable |
mathematical form of death rate computation | par.mortalityFunction | ||
$M_{B}$ | base / background mortality rate | $\frac{1}{\text{yr}}$ | par.backgroundMortalityParams |
$m_{d0}, m_{d1}$ | mortality rate dependent on stem diameter | $-$ | par.mortalityFromDbhParams |
$m_{i0}, m_{i1}, m_{i2}$ | mortality rate dependent on stem diameter increment | $-$ | par.mortalityFromDbhIncrementParams |
$f_{\text{fall}}$ | probability for a dead tree to fall | $-$ | par.treeFallProbability |
Light Climate and Photosynthesis Input Parameters and Variables | |||
Symbol | Description | Unit | Source Code Variable |
$Δh$ | width of layers of aboveground vertical space discretization in a patch | $\text{m}$ | |
$n_{\text{layer}}$ | number of layer of aboveground vertical space discretization | $-$ | |
$I_{0}$ | incoming irradiance on top of canopy | $\frac{\mu\text{mol}_{\text{photon}}}{\text{m}^2 s}$ | |
$k$ | light extinction coefficient | $-$ | par.lightExtinctionCoefficients |
$α$ | initial slope of light response curve | $\frac{\mu\text{mol}_{\text{CO}2}}{\mu\text{mol}{\text{photon}}}$ | par.initialLightResponseSlope |
$p_{\text{max}}$ | maximal leaf gross photosynthetic rate | $\frac{\mu\text{mol}_{\text{CO}_2}}{\text{m}^2 \text{s}}$ | par.maxGrossLeafPhotosynthesisRate |
$m$ | transmission coefficient | $-$ | par.lightTransmissionCoefficient |
$l_{\text{day}}$ | day length | $\text{h}$ | par.dayLength |
$φ_{\text{ODM}}$ | conversion factor | $\frac{\text{t}{\text{ODM}}}{\mu\text{mol}{\text{CO}_2}}$ | |
Water Module Input Parameter and Variables | |||
------------------------------------------------ | ----------- | --------- | -------------------- |
Symbol | Description | Unit | Source Code Variable |
$PR$ | precipitation | $\frac{\text{mm}}{\text{h}}$ | precipitation |
$K_{L}$ | interception constant | $\frac{\text{mm}}{\text{h}}$ | par.Water_KL |
$POR$ | soil porosity | $\frac{\text{mm}}{\text{h}}$ | par.Water_POR |
$K_{s}$ | fully saturated conductivity | $\frac{\text{mm}}{\text{h}}$ | par.Water_KS |
$Θ_{\text{res}}$ | residual soil water content | $\frac{\text{mm}}{\text{h}}$ | par.Water_SW_RES |
$λ$ | pore size distribution index | $-$ | par.Water_L |
$WUE$ | water-use-efficiency | $\frac{t_{\text{ODM}}}{\text{kg}_{\text{H}_2\text{O}}}$ | par.Water_WUE |
$PET$ | potential evapotranspiration | $\frac{\text{mm}}{\text{h}}$ | |
$Θ_{soil}^{init}$ | initial soil water content at start of simulation | $V%$ | par.InitSoilWaterContent |
$Θ_{pwp}$ | permanent wilting point | $V%$ | par.Water_PWP |
$Θ_{fc}$ | field capacity | $V%$ | par.Water_FC |
$Θ_{msw}$ | minimum soil water content | $V%$ | msw |
Temperature Input Parameter and Variables | |||
Symbol | Description | Unit | Source Code Variable |
$T$ | air temperature | $^\circ\text{C}$ | |
$n$ | number of days per time step $\Delta t$ | $-$ | |
$T_{\text{crit}}$ | critical temperature for bud-burst | $^\circ\text{C}$ | |
$k_{0}, k_{1}, k_{2}$ | parameter of inhibition factors | $-$ | |
$T_{\text{CO}2, l}, T{\text{CO}_2, h}$ | temperature limits of $\text{CO}_2$ assimilation | $^\circ\text{C}$ | |
$T_{\text{hot}}, T_{\text{cold}}$ | monthly mean temperature of warmest and coldest month an individual can cope with | $^\circ\text{C}$ | par.Temperature_month_hot , par.Temperature_month_cold |
$T_{\text{ref}}$ | reference temperature | $^\circ\text{C}$ | par.Temperature_reference |
$Q_{10}$ | base of Q$_{10}$ function | $-$ | |
Respiration Input Parameter and Variables | |||
Symbol | Description | Unit | Source Code Variable |
$R_{g}$ | growth respiration factor | $-$ | par.growthRespirationFraction |
$g(D)$ | maximal stem diameter increment (growth) function | $-$ | |
$a_{0}, a_{1}, a_{2}, a_{3}$ | coefficients of the growth function $g(D)$ | $-$ | |
$x_{i}, i = 1, ..., 8$ | auxiliary variables | $-$ | |
$ΔD_{\text{max}}$ | maximal measured stem diameter increment | $\frac{\text{m}}{\text{yr}}$ | |
$D_{ΔD_{\text{max}}}$ | stem diameter at which maximal increment is measured | proportion of $D_{\text{max}}$ | |
$ΔD_{D_{\text{max}}}$ | max. measured stem diameter increment for diameter $D_{\text{min}}$ | proportion of $ΔD_{\text{max}}$ | |
$ΔD_{D_{\text{max}}}$ | max. measured stem diameter increment for diameter $D_{\text{max}}$ | proportion of $ΔD_{\text{max}}$ | |
mean irradiance in simple climate (wet and dry) | par.meanIrradiance | ||
$\check{I}_{\text{ind}}$ | reference for advanced irradiance | $\frac{\mu \text{mol}_{\text{photon}}}{\text{m}^2 \text{s}}$ | par.referenceIrradiance |
$\check{\varphi}_{\text{act}}$ | reference vegetation period of parameterization climate | $\text{d}$ | |
$\check{\varphi}_T$ | reference temperature limitation factor of photosynthesis of parameterization climate | $-$ | |
Lidar Input Parameter and Variables | |||
Symbol | Description | Unit | Source Code Variable |
$P_{0,\text{Lid}, \text{V}}$ | surface return probability for vegetation voxels | $-$ | par.VegetationSurfaceReturnProbability |
$k_{\text{Lid}, \text{V}}$ | Lidar extinction coefficient for vegetation voxels | $-$ | par.VegetationExtinctionCoef |
$P_{0,\text{Lid}, \text{G}}$ | surface return probability for ground voxels | $-$ | par.GroundSurfaceReturnProbability |
$k_{\text{Lid}, \text{G}}$ | Lidar extinction coefficient for ground voxels | $-$ | |
$s_{\text{Lid}}$ | spacing between Lidar pulses | $\text{m}$ | par.PulseDistance |
$t_{\text{Lid}}$ | time interval between Lidar scans | $\text{yr}$ | par.LidarOutputStart , par.LidarOutputStep |
Table 8: Parameters that are not listed in the handbook yet and a probable clustering
Name | Type | Unit | Description | Parameter File |
---|---|---|---|---|
Model Structure | ||||
ProjectName | string | project name shown in GUI | Argentina | |
Carbon Dynamics | ||||
par.CPool_DeadWood | float | t | Initial carbon content in the deadwood carbon pool | generalAmazonianForest_3pft |
par.CPool_Soil_fast | float | t | Initial carbon content in the fast decomposing soil carbon pool | generalAmazonianForest_3pft |
par.CPool_Soil_slow | float | t | Initial carbon content in the slow decomposing soil carbon pool | generalAmazonianForest_3pft |
par.Cflux_aet | float | mm | Mean actual evapotranspiration (AET) | Argentina |
Plant Growth and Physiology | ||||
par.CrownGeometry | array | Geometrical shape of the plant crown: 1=spheroid (ellipsoid), 2=conical, 3=cylindrical | generalAmazonianForest_3pft | |
par.HeightExpLambda | float | ForestFactory | lamdba in exponential distribution | virtual |
par.HMax | float | ForestFactory | maxmimum height of trees | generalAmazonianForest_3pft |
par.HMin | float | ForestFactory | minimum height of trees | generalAmazonianForest_3pft |
par.InitialGreenFraction | float | Initial fraction of green biomass on the grassland measured | Garske | |
par.wrongLaiCalculationEnabled | int | switches for activating old LAI calculation | Argentina | |
par.distributedTraits | array | Desciption of which traits are distributed | Species | |
par.leafLifeSpans | array | days | leaf life span (group-specific) | SpeciesMono |
par.lengthOfReferenceVegetationPeriod | array | Fraction of the total year (365 days) which have been considered as the active vegetation period in the reference year(s) | Agostinho | |
par.maintenanceRespirationPerBiomassFunction | int | Function of maintenance respiration calculation | Agostinho | |
par.maintenanceRespirationPerBiomassParams | array | Maintainance losses (maintainance respiration & organ renewal & root growth) for different grp | Agostinho | |
par.maintenanceRespirationRate | float | per | Maintenance respiration rate | SpeciesMono |
par.maturityAges | array | years | Minimum age of mother plants for producing seeds (group-specific) | SpeciesMono |
par.negativeGrowthEnabled | int | Whether trees shall shrink if the NPP is negative | HohesHolz_10Species | |
par.negativeNppBufferEnabled | int | Flag for activating a limitation factor of gross primary productivity as used in older Formind versions | Agostinho | |
par.nppAllocationsToPlantExudation | array | NPP allocation of a single plant to exudation (group-specific) | GCEF_EM_amb_plotmean | |
par.nppAllocationsToPlantGrowth | array | NPP allocation of a single plant to shoot (group-specific) | SpeciesMono | |
par.plantCohortsEnabled | int | switches for activating the cohort approach (default is 1 true, 0 means every cohort is one single plant) | paracouForest_controlPlots_9pft | |
par.treeRootBiomassFromStemBiomassFactor | float | Linear relationship of root biomass to stem biomass | Core_8pft | |
Mortality | ||||
par.sizeDependentMortalityEnabled | int | Flag for activating background mortality | Argentina | |
par.lifespan | array | years | plant life span (group-specific) | SpeciesMono |
par.treeFallEnabled | int | Flag for deactivating falling of dying trees | Argentina | |
Seeds, Reproduction | ||||
par.seedDispersalKernelLocationParams | array | m | Mean distance of mother trees for dispersing seeds (group-specific) | Core_6pft_seedtree_multiple |
par.seedDispersalKernelShapeParams | array | m | Maximum distance of mother trees for dispersing seeds (group-specific) | Agostinho |
par.seedGerminationRates | array | per | Germination rate of seeds (group-specific) | SpeciesMono |
par.seedGerminationTimes | array | days | Time to emergence of seeds since sowing (group-specific) | SpeciesMono |
par.seedInflowPredationEnabled | int | switches for density-dependent seed mortality | Agostinho | |
par.seedMasses | array | t | Biomass of seed (group-specific) | SpeciesMono |
par.seedPoolPredationEnabled | int | switches for activating the mother plant and seed density dependent seed predation mortality | Agostinho | |
par.seedPredationEnabled | int | switches for activating the mother plant and seed density dependent seed predation mortality | Agostinho | |
par.seedPredatorEfficiency | array | m | Seed predator attack efficiency | Agostinho |
par.seedPredatorHandlingTime | array | m | Seed predator handling time | Agostinho |
par.seedPredatorNumber | array | m | Total seed predator number in the vicinity of each plant | Agostinho |
par.seedPulseEnabled | int | Flag for activating pulsed ingrowth of accumulated seeds | Argentina | |
par.seedSurvivalProbabilities | array | per | Survival rate of seeds (group-specific) | Agostinho |
par.seedlingHeight | float | m | Height of established seedlings | SpeciesMono |
par.seedlingIngrowthLimitEnabled | int | Flag for activating the density regulation of establishing seedlings | Argentina | |
par.seedlingMortalityDensityDependenceEnabled | int | switches for activating density-dependent seedling mortality | Core_6pft_seedtree_multiple | |
par.seedsPerMotherTree | array | Number of seeds which a mother plant is able to produce per time step (group-specific) | Agostinho | |
par.shootRootRatio | array | Parameters of shoot-root relationship (group-specific) | SpeciesMono | |
par.dayOfSeedInfluxStart | float | Starting time of ingrowth of global seeds from outside | SpeciesMono | |
par.dispersalByAnimalIndicators | array | PFTs which have animal dispersed seeds. These do not throw seeds at the matrix (non forest area). | Agostinho | |
par.individualSeedProductionEnabled | int | Flag for activating seed ingrowth by simulated mother trees | Argentina | |
Light | ||||
par.Light_Comp_Factor | float | Light competition factor for grassmindEnabled, reduces LAI over the plant | Species | |
par.lightLimitationEnabled | int | Flag for activating light competition | GCEFext | |
par.radiativeTransferModelEnabled | int | Switch for Radiative transfer Model | HohesHolz_10Species | |
Soil and Water Processes | ||||
par.Soil_File | array | Name of soil file(s) of all patches | SpeciesMono | |
par.Water_KL | float | mm | Interception constant | Agostinho |
par.Water_L | float | Pore size distribution index | Agostinho | |
par.Water_LayerDepth | float | m | Constant width of soil layers | Agostinho |
par.Water_MSW | array | g | Minimum soil water content for maximum uptake, relative to range between PWP and FC (group-specific) | GCEFext |
par.Water_RainfallDuration | float | hours | Hours of rainfall per day | Agostinho |
par.Water_SD | float | m | Soil depth | Agostinho |
par.Water_SoilLayer | int | Number of different soil layers | Agostinho | |
par.Water_WUE | array | g | Water-use-efficiency-coefficient (group-specific) | Agostinho |
Climate and Environmental Factors | ||||
par.CO2_dependency_function_simple | array | polynom(a + bx + cx2 + dx3) for co2 dependency of the photosynthesis | Core_8pft | |
par.CO2_reference_temperature | float | reference temperature | Core_8pft | |
par.Temperature_Q10 | float | temperature | Base of the temperature effect (Q10-function) affecting the maintenance respiration of a plant | Agostinho |
par.Temperature_min | float | temperature | Minimum temperature for calculating the length of the vegetation period of a plant | Agostinho |
par.Temperature_month_cold | array | temperature | Mean temperature of the coldest month the numSpecies group is able to occur (group-specific) | Agostinho |
par.Temperature_month_hot | array | temperature | Mean temperature of the warmest month the numSpecies group is able to occur (group-specific) | Agostinho |
par.Temperature_opt | float | temperature | Optimal temperature for maximum gross photosynthesis of a plant (i.e. mean of the normal distribution) | Agostinho |
par.Temperature_sig | float | temperature | Standard deviation of the normal distribution affecting maximum gross photosynthesis of a plant when temperature deviates from its optimum | Agostinho |
par.climateFilePath | string | File name and relative path (to the *.exe) of daily climate data for radiance, air temperature, day-length and potential evapotranspiration | Agostinho | |
par.climateModulesEnabled | array | Flag for activating the advanced climate (Soil water module; Temperature effects; daily changing radiance; daily changing day-length; vegetation period) | Agostinho | |
par.climateRandomizationEnabled | int | generalAmazonianForest_3pft | ||
par.wetSeasonLength | int | day | absolute length of wet season | Argentina |
par.referenceCo2Concentration | float | reference CO2 concentration | Core_8pft | |
par.referenceEnvironmentalGppReduction | array | Tree gross photosynthesis reduction due to temperature effects and soil water deficit effect of the reference year(s) | Agostinho | |
par.referenceStomataCo2Concentration | float | stomata CO2 concentration | Core_8pft | |
Reproduction and Dispersal | ||||
par.externalSeedInfluxEnabled | int | Flag for using global seed ingrowth from outside a hectare | Argentina | |
par.invasionEnabled | array | 0 | Please indicate which numSpecies group is the invasive bamboo numSpecies (set to 1) | Argentina_Bamboo |
par.invasionTime | int | yrs | Please set the point in time for invasion | Argentina_Bamboo |
par.randomGeneratorSeedDisabled | int | Flag for activating stochasticity (0: reproducible / 1: NOT reproducible) | Argentina | |
par.reducedSeedProductionAtEdgeEnabled | int | Flag for activating reduced seed ingrowth by simulated mother trees | Argentina | |
Modules | ||||
par.viewZenithAngle | array | grad | angle of the place of the observer in zenith direction | HohesHolz_10Species |
par.LargeFootprintDiameter | float | meters | Diameter (m) of large lidar footprints | generalAmazonianForest_3pft |
par.LargeFootprintEnergySD | float | meters | Standard deviation (m) of gaussian horizontal energy distribution within large lidar footprints (recommendation 0.5 times radius) | generalAmazonianForest_3pft |
par.fireFrequency | float | year | Mean time between two occurring fire events | Core_8pft |
par.fireMode | int | Choose from different modes in which the fire module runs | virtualAmazon_3pft | |
par.fireModuleEnabled | int | Flag for activating the fire submodule | Argentina | |
par.fireSeverity | float | Severity of a fire event (0.1 = low; 1.0 = strong) | Core_8pft | |
par.fireStartYear | float | year | Year for first potential fire event | virtualAmazon_3pft |
par.fireToleranceClass | array | fireModuleEnabled tolerance = probability for death (1: no tolerance ... 4: tolerant against fire) (group-specific) | Core_8pft | |
par.relativeFireSize | float | percent | Mean fire size (as relative area of total simulation area) | Core_8pft |
par.lianaIndicators | array | lianaModuleEnabled (group-specific) (0: is plant; 1: is liana) | paracouForest_controlPlots_9pft | |
par.lianaModuleEnabled | int | switches for activating the liana submodule | paracouForest_controlPlots_9pft | |
Misc | ||||
par.preInitializationEnabled | int | Flag for activating pre-initialization of light climate and space conditions | Argentina | |
par.individualSpeciesIdEnabled | int | Flag for activating numSpecies number for each plant | Core_8pft | |
par.treeListOutputStartTime | float | years | Time for first generation of plant list output (res-file containing each plant with position and cohort-file containing each cohort) | fertile_soil_8pft |
par.treeListOutputTimeStep | float | years | Time interval between generation of plant list outputs (res-file containing each plant with position and cohort-file containing each cohort) | fertile_soil_8pft |
par.regenerationOnlyInForestEnabled | int | Switch to allow regeneration only inside the forest when starting with inv file. | HohesHolz_10Species | |
par.relAzimuthAngle | array | grad | the absolute difference between the azimuth angles of the observer and the sun: abs(SunAzimuth-SensorAzimuth-180) | HohesHolz_10Species |
par.rhizobiaExchangeRateCToN | float | exchange rate of C amounts to rhizobia to get N amounts | GCEF_EM_amb_plotmean | |
par.rootDepthParams | array | Parameters of shoot biomass - rooting depth relationship (group-specific) | SpeciesMono | |
par.rootLifeSpans | array | days | root life span (group-specific) | SpeciesMono |
par.rtmLeafParameters | array | 1 | Leaf parameters of the radiative transfer model group-specific 1: Cab Chlorophyll a+b content, | HohesHolz_10Species |
par.rtmSoilWetness | float | degree | Use reflection Profile for: 0 drySoil - 1 wetSoil | HohesHolz_10Species |
par.smallTreeDbhIncrementAsFractionOfMax | array | Realized increment of stem diameter for smallest plant relative to the maximum increment (group-specific) | Core_8pft | |
par.smallTreeDbhThresholdForDbhIncrement | array | m | Stem diameter at which yearly increment of stem diameter (group-specific) is calculated by defined function (Growth_Function_Switch) | paracouForest_controlPlots_9pft_DBH1cm |
par.smallTreeSpaceUsageCapacity | float | Reduces stem number when plant crown area > SpaceLimitation_Factor (Standard: 1 = 100%) for all trees with DBH <= alteredSpaceLimitationDbhThreshold | paracouForest_controlPlots_9pft_DBH1cm | |
par.specificRootLength | array | Specific root length (group-specific) | SpeciesMono | |
par.splineApproximationStep | float | m | Minimal possible diameter increment step of trees (only required for lookup approach for asymptotic diameter-height curve) | gifu |
par.sunZenithAngle | array | grad | angle of the place of the sun in zenith direction | HohesHolz_10Species |
par.symbioticNitrogenFixationFraction | array | fraction of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (group-specific) | GCEF_EM_amb_plotmean | |
par.temperatureReductionFunction | string | Type of temperature effect used for reducing gross photosynthesis of a plant | Agostinho | |
par.traitDistributionEnabled | int | Flag for activating trait distributions | Species | |
par.traitDistributionPars | array | Mean [0] and sd [1] min [2] and max [3]of the traits adressed in distributedTraits | Species |